Lenin was part of the "Reds" (Bolsheviks) which won the Russian Civil War in 1919-1921 against all those who apposed them, which were called the "Whites". A year before the civil war, the idea of War Communism was introduced for more goods; however, by 1921, Lenin realized that it was not causing a recovery. As a result, he decided: to bring in the NEP, allowed some private trade, and peasants could sell surplus. This led to the recovery. Lenin also had to set up the comintern (communist international) to spread the revolution worldwide. This led to signing deals with countries to rebuild their own, and made the Treaty of Rapallo, which allowed Russians to make war material for the Germans (against the Treaty of Versailles). In 1922, the Bolshevik Party became the Communist Party, and Russia became the Soviet Union. On the other hand, Lenin still had enemies and was shot in 1921, and died in 1924 because he never fully recovered. The power struggle after his death was between Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin wanted heavy industry, while Trotsky wanted consumer goods. At the end of this 3 year struggle, Stalin was eventually successful; he wanted "Socialism in One Country. In my opinion, Stalin did modernize Russia because by the 1920's, the Soviet Union tried to participate in the world affairs. He joined The League of Nation in 1934, and signed many non-aggression pacts.
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The Feb./March revolution occurred in 1917 and was aimed to outset Tsar because he would not pull out of the war. Tsar was latter replaced with a Provisional Government. However, this revolution was not very successful because in the end, it did not change much for the people. On the other hand, the Oct./Nov. revolution was successful with the help of 20,000 armed sailors who took control of Petrograd, and demanded the Soviet to take power. The Bolsheviks are seen as the defenders of Petrograd which won the hearts of the people led by Kornilov. However, Lenin led the Petrograd uprising and it was bloodless. He brought a boat next to the Winter Palace and defeated the Cossacks without a death on either side. It was very successful because the power now belonged to the Soviets. Peasants were now allowed private land, as well as a proposal for a withdrawal from WW1 called, Treaty of Brest-Litovk. The movie Enemy at the Gates, was released March 16th 2001; it is set at The Battle of Stalingrad in World War II. In this action/drama movie, the Nazis (Germans) were on their way to capture Moscow; however, this battle took place on their route. The battle was between Russia and Germany, but looking more into it, the movie is more about a sniper on each team. Stalingrad had almost been completely taken over by the Germans, until a Russian came up with a brilliant way to use propaganda. It surrounded the Russian sniper as a hero, and how there is always hope while he is around; furthermore, confidence and pride were built on this idea. In the end, the Germans retreated because of the death of their best sniper. Stalingrad was saved. |
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